The UAE can still surrender individuals even without a formal bilateral treaty. The UAE cooperates through multilateral conventions, such as UN anti-corruption and counter-terrorism treaties, which create independent legal bases for extradition. Additionally, the UAE may grant extradition on a reciprocity basis under Federal Decree-Law No. 38/2006. In practice, requests from non-treaty countries undergo heightened scrutiny, and defence counsel can argue the absence of treaty obligations as grounds for refusal. However, political and diplomatic considerations often influence outcomes, particularly with requests from GCC states or major trading partners.
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