Can Spain extradite me to a country outside the EU?

Yes, Spain can extradite to non-EU countries under bilateral extradition treaties or under reciprocity arrangements. However, Spanish courts conduct a full review of human rights compliance, and extradition is prohibited where there is a real risk of torture, political persecution, or unfair trial. Many extradition requests from Russia, Morocco, and Latin American states have been refused by Spanish courts on these grounds.