Intercollegium Team

Extradition Treaty: Legal Framework for International Surrender of Fugitives Author: Thomas R. Hendricks, Senior Legal Content Specialist | Reviewed by: Dr. Maria Chen, International Law Consultant | Last Updated: January 15, 2025 An extradition treaty is a formal legal agreement between two or more countries that permits one state to surrender a person to another […]

Asset Recovery in 2026: Key Legal Tools, Cross-Border Enforcement Risks, and What Changes for Claimants Asset recovery is the legal process of locating, freezing, and reclaiming property or funds that have been stolen, hidden, or unlawfully transferred through fraud, corruption, bankruptcy, or criminal activity, using investigative tools, court orders, and cross-border enforcement mechanisms (INTERPOL Global […]

What Is the CCF? The Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files (CCF) is INTERPOL’s independent supervisory body, established under Article 36 of INTERPOL’s Constitution. It operates separately from the General Secretariat and is mandated to ensure that INTERPOL’s data processing complies with the organisation’s rules — in particular, its Statute on the Processing of […]

What happens if Interpol finds you? The short answer: INTERPOL itself cannot arrest you — but it can trigger your arrest by local police anywhere in its 195 member countries. This guide explains the INTERPOL process, what it means for you, and what legal options you have. What Does It Mean for Interpol to “Find” […]

The United States has a constitutional obligation for states to extradite fugitives to one another — but the reality is more nuanced. While no US state is technically a “non-extradition state” under federal law, governors retain discretionary powers that can delay or block interstate extradition in certain cases. Understanding this distinction matters whether you are […]

Can you get a passport with a warrant? In most cases, yes — but with important exceptions. Whether a warrant affects your passport depends on the type of warrant, the jurisdiction, and whether federal agencies have placed a flag on your record. This guide explains everything you need to know. The General Rule: Warrants and […]

In recent months, Nicolás Maduro, the president of Venezuela, has been a recurring topic in international headlines, often linked to Interpol, alleged arrest warrants, and potential extradition scenarios. Online searches for “Nicolas Maduro Interpol” have surged, reflecting widespread curiosity about his legal status. Despite widespread speculation, there is currently no official Red Notice or international […]

The European Public Prosecutor’s Office (EPPO) is a supranational body established in 2021 to investigate and prosecute crimes affecting the EU budget — including fraud, corruption, VAT carousel schemes, and money laundering. While EPPO operates within the EU, it increasingly cooperates with non-participating EU Member States and third countries via formal legal assistance frameworks. Understanding […]

In June 2024, members of the Intercollegium legal team participated in the International Extradition Seminar at Lake Iseo, Italy — one of the foremost annual gatherings of international criminal law practitioners specialising in cross-border extradition, Interpol procedure, and mutual legal assistance. The seminar brought together defence lawyers, prosecutors, academics, and judicial officials from over 30 […]

2026 update: the public INTERPOL list still shows under 5% of active notices — the reliable check remains a CCF data access request. If you may be listed, see our wanted-list check and Red Notice removal services. Frequently Asked Questions How do I know if I am on INTERPOL? There are three ways to check: […]

You can be arrested at an airport if border control detects an outstanding arrest warrant, INTERPOL Red Notice, or watch-list flag during passport or identity checks. Airports are active enforcement points — border police have direct access to INTERPOL’s I-24/7 database and national criminal records. The risk varies by country, the type of warrant, and […]

INTERPOL cannot make arrests — it has no police powers whatsoever. INTERPOL is an international coordination organization, not a law enforcement agency. All arrests based on INTERPOL notices are made by national police forces acting under their own national laws. INTERPOL’s role is to issue notices, share intelligence, and coordinate — never to arrest, detain, […]

Countries not members of INTERPOL are states that do not participate in the international police cooperation network of 195 member nations. In 2026, virtually all recognised sovereign states are INTERPOL members. The exceptions include Kosovo (due to disputed recognition status) and Taiwan (excluded due to China’s objection). North Korea and Iran are nominal members with […]

Frequently Asked Questions What is the difference between INTERPOL and Europol? INTERPOL is a global police coordination organization with 195 member countries, headquartered in Lyon. Europol is an EU-only law enforcement agency supporting the 27 EU member states, headquartered in The Hague. INTERPOL focuses on circulating notices and coordinating global investigations; Europol focuses on intelligence […]

2026 update: with wider Advance Passenger Information sharing at borders, an outstanding warrant is more likely to surface at check-in. Get advice on your arrest warrant before travelling. Frequently Asked Questions Can you fly with a warrant? Whether you can fly with a warrant depends on the type of warrant and jurisdiction. For domestic (state) […]

Update 2026: This page has been reviewed and updated to reflect the most current information available regarding countries without extradition arrangements, ensuring accurate and reliable legal guidance for 2026. More than 50 countries do not have bilateral extradition treaties with the United States or the United Kingdom. While the absence of a treaty significantly reduces […]